This subcategory contains 155 links

The American aboriginal portfolio (1853)(476 clicks)
Book by Mary H. Eastman

"Camping With the Sioux: Fieldwork Diary of Alice Cunningham Fletcher"(497 clicks)
"National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution; online edition of Alice Fletcher's 1881 diary; includes a transcript of her ethnographic field notes, reproductions of her sketches of Native American life, and photographs of Nebraska and South Dakota ."

"Relocation" vs "Removal": simply another example of "Institutionalized Bigotry"?(499 clicks)
by Michael McLaughlin (2007)

"Witness to Manifest Destiny"(516 clicks)
The Apache Nation

'The Earth Does Not Belong to Man; Man Belongs to The Earth'(486 clicks)
Dispels the belief that Chief Seattle said this expression.

A Guide to the Great Sioux Nation(486 clicks)
Travel oriented but useful

After Columbus: Four-hundred Years of Native American Portraiture(493 clicks)
369 prints and drawings by Simon van de Passe (1595-1647), George Catlin (1796-1872), and Karl Bodmer (1809-1893), dating from 1627 to the 1830s; 227 gelatin silver and platinum prints by photographers Edward S. Curtis (1868-1954), Karl E. Moon (1878-1948), and Frank A. Rinehart (1862-1928), and sculptor Frederic Allen Williams (1898-1958), from the late 1890s to 1927.

Alaska Natives Online(594 clicks)
Alaska Native and American Indian history, art, celebrities,culture, dance, storytelling, photographs, music, languages, writers, radio, and media. Alaska Natives Online, tourist attractions. Alaska Native and American Indian issues, links and useful internet resources.

All Things Cherokee(587 clicks)
A variety of materials, some historical, some genealogy.

America Before Columbus(453 clicks)
Charles Mann's most recent book, 1491, won the U.S. National Academy of Sciences’ Keck award for the best book of the year. In this lecture he looks at new reserach on pre-Columbian America. He concludes that the Americas had actually been heavily populated and developed before the arrival of Columbus but then were rapidly depopulated by the introduction of numerous European and African diseases, giving Europeans the mistaken idea that their new land was a vast, empty wilderness.

American Aboriginal Portfolio(483 clicks)
The American aboriginal portfolio by Mary H. Eastman ; illustrated by S. Eastman, U.S. Army. Published 1853 by Lippincott, Grambo in Philadelphia .

American aboriginal portfolio, The(501 clicks)
Cover of: The American aboriginal portfolio by Mary H. Eastman Manage Covers The American aboriginal portfolio by Mary H. Eastman ; illustrated by S. Eastman, U.S. Army. Published 1853 by Lippincott, Grambo in Philadelphia.

American Horse, Sioux Chief(487 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

American Indian History and Related Issues(512 clicks)
"This world wide site is a developing site supervised by Professor Troy Johnson and is dedicated to the presentation of unique artwork, photographs, video and sound recordings which accurately reflect the history, culture and richness of the Native American experience in North America and has been expanded to include Indian people of Central America and Mexico."

American Indian Oral History Collection(549 clicks)
Thirty half-hour interviews on audio cassettes conducted by historians and anthropologists, for research and classroom use. Teaching guide included.

American Indian Photograph Collection(472 clicks)
Washington State History Museum Collections Online

American Indian Policy(469 clicks)
Early policy

American Indians of the Pacific Northwest(563 clicks)
This site provides an extensive digital collection of original photographs and documents about the Northwest Coast and Plateau Indian cultures, complemented by essays written by anthropologists, historians, and teachers about both particular tribes and cross-cultural topics. These cultures have occupied, and in some cases still live in parts of Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. Maps are available that show traditional territories or reservation boundaries.

An Ungrateful Nation(464 clicks)
"While working as an agricultural expert for the Bureau of Indian Affairs after WW II, the author [George McColm]co-wrote a report that revealed the desperate plight of the Navajo people who lived on the brink of starvation in the American Southwest."

Ancient Cultures of the Southwest(533 clicks)

Ancient Ones of the Southwest(447 clicks)
The people and cultures that inhabited the American Southwest in prehistoric times."

Andrew Jackson Addresses Congress(566 clicks)
On Indian removal policy

Anti-Indian Movement on the Tribal Frontier(562 clicks)
By Rudolph C. Ryser. Introductory chapter

Arkansas Archeological Society(483 clicks)
Indian sites

Assignment Geronimo(466 clicks)
"General Nelson Miles summoned Lieutenant Charles Gatewood to Albuquerque in July 1886 and ordered the reluctant veteran of the Apache wars to go find the elusive Chiricahua leader down in the mountains of Mexico."

Autobiography of Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak, or Black Hawk (504 clicks)
embracing the traditions of his nation, various wars in which he has been engaged, and his account of the cause and general history of the Black Hawk war of 1832, his surrender, and travels through the United States. Dictated by himself. Antoine LeClair, U. S. interpreter. J. B. Patterson, editor and amanuensis. Rock Island, Illinois, 1833. Also, life, death and burial of the old chief, together with a history of the Black Hawk war, by J. B. Patterson ... Published 1882 by Press of Continental Printing Co.] in [St. Louis .

Bibliographies of Northern and Central California Indians(471 clicks)
From the University of California, Berkeley

Black Hawk War(538 clicks)
The Black Hawk war including a review of Black Hawk's life illustrated with upward of three hundred rare and interesting portraits and views, by Frank E. Stevens. Published 1903 by Frank E. Stevens in Chicago, Ill .

Black Hawk, The totem of (486 clicks)
The totem of Black Hawk a tale of pioneer days in northwestern Illinois and the Black Hawk war by Everett McNeil ; illustrated by Henry S. Watson. Published 1914 by McClurg in Chicago

Cahokia(470 clicks)
Cahokia: A Pre-Columbian American Indian City by Timothy R. Pauketat

Camping With The Sioux(465 clicks)
"The following text is based on two journals kept by Alice Fletcher during a six-week venture into Plains Indian territory in 1881."

Carrie de Voe, Legends of the Kaw. 1904(468 clicks)
The folklore of the Indians of the Kansas River Valley.

Center for the Study of the First Americans(509 clicks)
The Center for the Study of the First Americans explores the questions surrounding the peopling of the Americas. The Center pursues research, education, and public outreach.

Change and Crisis: North America on the Eve of the European Invasion(466 clicks)
by Christopher Miller

Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains(512 clicks)
The HTA republishes this 1918 book, written by a Sioux, about some leaders of Plains Indian tribes. Included are Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, and Chief Joseph. General George A. Custer plays a role in some of the narratives. The HTA also publishes each biography separately. Check the Articles and Books: United States menu.

Charles Curtis, Vice-President of the United States(484 clicks)
Native American

Cherokee History(480 clicks)
History and geneaolgy.

Cherokee Nation v Georgia (1831)(610 clicks)
The court ruled against the Cherokee.

Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Chief(460 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Chief Menominee(453 clicks)
Several articles dealing with this Indiana chief and the commemoration of his life.

Choctaw History(488 clicks)
A Journey Past supplies lots of links.

Colonial Virginia(432 clicks)
The Colonial Virginia Frontier and International Native American Diplomacy by William E. White

Crazy Horse(556 clicks)
PBS. Tashunca-uitco (1849-1877)

Crazy Horse, Sioux Chief(471 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Crow Tribe(480 clicks)

Dahcotah, or, Life and legends of the Sioux around Fort Snelling(463 clicks)
Book by Mary H. Eastman

Dakota Conflict Trials, 1862(476 clicks)
The mass hanging was the concluding scene in the opening chapter of a story of American-Sioux conflict that would not end until the Seventh Calvary completed its massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on December 29, 1890.

Discussion of the Iroquois Constitution(490 clicks)

Doris Duke Collection(513 clicks)
The Duke Collection of American Indian Oral History online provides access to typescripts of interviews (1967 -1972) conducted with hundreds of Indians in Oklahoma regarding the histories and cultures of their respective nations and tribes.

Eugene War, The Indian War of 1864(404 clicks)
Book published in 1911. Subtitled: "Being a Fragment of the Early History of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming."

First Nations Histories(362 clicks)
Excellent site

Flags of the Native Peoples of the United States(341 clicks)
Flags and their stories

FOR THE GOOD OF THE TRIBE : The Law of the Crow Nation During the Buffalo Days(349 clicks)

From Wounded Knee to Capitol Hill(469 clicks)
The History, Achievements and Legacy of the American Indian Movement by Jeremy Schneider.

Gall, Sioux Chief(340 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Geronimo: His Own Story(355 clicks)
George Welling's excellent site

Grand Village of the Natchez Indians(313 clicks)

H-AMINDIAN: New Media for Native Studies(489 clicks)
Listserv dedicated to the study of the first immigrants to the Western Hemisphere and their descendants.

Henry L. Dawes, "The Indian Territory."(366 clicks)
1900 paper by a Indian Commissioner

Henry L. Dawes, Have We Failed the Indian?(329 clicks)
1899 article from Atlantic Monthly

Historical Nez Perce Archive Photography(323 clicks)
The photos below are presented for public viewing and education on the Internet. They have been made available by the National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

History of Tecumseh & Tippacanoe(333 clicks)
Brief

History of the Cherokee(322 clicks)
The History of the Cherokee" website is a tribute to the strength and determination of our people to survive centuries of trials and oppression.

History of the Cherokee(315 clicks)
This website is designed and maintained by Ken Martin, a Cherokee of mixed-blood and a tribal member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.

Hole-in-the-Day, Ojibway Chief(351 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Horse Culture(317 clicks)
The Impact of Horse Culture by Elliott West

Images of Native America: From Columbus to Carlisle(352 clicks)
Essays on how "whites" viewed the peoples of the New World, the Indians, as they were called.

Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties(357 clicks)
"An ongoing digitizatio project, the site contains the full text of over three hundred treaties concerning Native American Indian tribes."

Indian Country Virginia(332 clicks)
In this live performance at Colonial Williamsburg’s Kimball Theatre, the History Guys take on the history of Indians in Virginia. From Jamestown to Thomas Jefferson to Disney’s Pocahontas, they consider some of the ways Virginian Indians have been imagined by non-Native people, and reflect on how those images have shifted over the centuries. Along the way, they are joined by two special guests, actor Larry Pourier and Colonial Williamsbug’s own Buck Woodard — both of whom contributed to the 2005 film The New World.

Indian industrial school, Carlisle, PA(352 clicks)

Indian industrial school, Carlisle, PA (1895)(343 clicks)

Indian Peoples of the Northern Great Plains(354 clicks)
"Images of the Indian Peoples of the Northern Great Plains is a searchable online photograph database created with grant support from the Institute of Museum and Library Services National Leadership Grant Program."

Indian Removal(307 clicks)
by Theda Perdue

Indian Reservations(349 clicks)
Info on the reservations

Indian Slavery in the Americas(314 clicks)
by Alan Gallay

Indian Territory, Warm Springs(351 clicks)

Iroquois Constitution(416 clicks)
From the The University of Oklahoma Law Center. See this site for a wealth of documents.

Iroquois League(310 clicks)
by Matthew Dennis

Iroquois Net(358 clicks)
Includes links to other sites

Lakota Noon at the Greasy Grass(330 clicks)
"WHEN LIEUTENANT COLONEL GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER'S 7TH CAVALRY APPROACHED THE LARGE TEPEE VILLAGE ON JUNE 25, 1876, IT WAS HIGH NOON FOR THE NORTHERN PLAINS INDIANS."

Lenape Indians(379 clicks)
Museum of the Lenape Indians is in Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Life of Sitting Bull and history of the Indian War of 1890-91...(335 clicks)
by W. Fletcher Johnson. Published 1891 by Edgewood in [s.l.] .

Literature of Justification(356 clicks)
Literature of Justification is an ongoing project by students at Lehigh University that takes as its provocative starting point the "gigantic question" that Washington Irving asks in his1809 History of New York (Book I, chapter v): "What right had the first discoverers of America to land, and take possession of a country, without asking the consent of its inhabitants, or yielding them an adequate compensation for their territory?"

Little Crow, Sioux Chief(333 clicks)
Biography from Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Little Wolf, Cheyenne Chief(361 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Mesa Verde Photo Gallery(653 clicks)

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians(475 clicks)
New site

Mississippian Moundbuilders and their Artifacts(377 clicks)

Mushulatubbee and Choctaw Removal(318 clicks)
Google Booj

Myths of the Cherokee(316 clicks)
by James Mooney. Published 1902 by G.P.O. in Washington .

Native American Documents Project(316 clicks)
This collection currently includes the narrative reports of the commissioner of Indian affairs for 1871, 1872, 1875, and 1876, and three additional reports for 1871. It also includes a map of western reservations published with the 1875 report.

Native American Sites(386 clicks)
Comprehensive

Native American Tribes, 1783(344 clicks)
Map east of the Mississippi River.

Native American Voices(325 clicks)

Native Americans in Indiana(431 clicks)
Resistance and Removal

Native Americans in North Georgia(360 clicks)
Creek, Cherokee

Native Americans: American Historical Images On File(318 clicks)

Native Village(327 clicks)

Nativeculture.com(352 clicks)
Devoted the Native Americans, i.e., immigrants before 1492

Navaho Legends (1897)(356 clicks)

Nez Perce Photo Archive(351 clicks)
The photos below are presented for public viewing and education on the Internet. They have been made available by the National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution. Text for the archive photos presented for your viewing below has been written by Stan Hoggatt of Western Treasures and may not reflect the view of the National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution. The photos may not be copied or used in any manner except for your viewing on this page on the Internet.

Onieda Indian Nation(343 clicks)
Iroquois tribe in upstate New York

Painted Warriors(331 clicks)
Artist George Catlin painted pictures of American Indians.

Pocahontas(439 clicks)

Powhaten Indian Village(310 clicks)

Pueblo Revolt(294 clicks)
by Edward Countryman

Pushmataha: Choctaw Warrior, Diplomat, and Chief(327 clicks)
Mississippi Choctaw leader. Early 1800s.

Rain-in-the-Face, Sioux Chief(321 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Red Cloud, Makhpiya-Luta, (1822-1909)(515 clicks)
PBS, New Perspectives on the West

Red Cloud, Sioux Chief(336 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Roman Nose, Cheyenne Chief(321 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Salinas Pueblo Missions(343 clicks)
New Mexico. "Two ancient southwestern cultural traditions-the Anasazi and Mogollon-overlapped in the Salinas Valley to produce the later societies at Abó, Gran Quivira, and Quarai."

Seminole Negro Indian Scouts(359 clicks)
The Medal of Honor, this nation's highest honor for valor, was awarded to four Seminole-Negro Indian Scouts. Buffalo Soldier Regimental returns, show that after twelve engagements and twenty expeditions, not one of their men was killed or seriously wounded in their 17 year history.

Seminole Tribe of Florida(339 clicks)
This site is dedicated to the rich history and culture of the Florida Seminole Indians.

She-Who-Is-Alone's Sacrifice(321 clicks)
Comanche legend about the Bluebonnet flower.

Shoshone Indians(561 clicks)
Fron PBS, Lewis & Clark meet the Shoshone

Sitting Bull, Sioux Chief(326 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Sky's Cherokee Website(338 clicks)
The history, language, and culture of the Cherokee people

Spotted Tail, A Sioux Chief(344 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

Stereotyping Native America(362 clicks)
photo essay

Tamahay, Sioux Chief(295 clicks)
Biography from Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftains.

The Black Hawk War, 1831-1832 : v. II, letters and papers; part I, April 30, 1831-June 23, 1832(324 clicks)
The Black Hawk War, 1831-1832 v. II, letters and papers; part I, April 30, 1831-June 23, 1832 compiled and edited by Ellen M. Whitney. Published 1973 by Illinois State Historical Library in Springfield .

The Cherokee National Historical Society(345 clicks)

The Chickamauga Cherokee(330 clicks)
brief history of the The Chickamauga Cherokee. Georgia, Tennessee, South Carolina.

The Death of Wilhautyah(312 clicks)
"When a white settler killed a Nez Perce warrior in 1876, the incident set off a chain of events that led to war." By Mark Highberger

The Federalist Papers(350 clicks)
From the Revolution to Reconstruction project

The great Indian chief of the West, or, life and adventures of Black Hawk.(353 clicks)
Published 1856 by H.M. Rulison in Cincinnati, Philadelphia .

The Illini Confederation: Lords of the Mississippi Valley(417 clicks)
When French explorers first journeyed down from Canada to the upper Mississippi Valley in the early Seventeenth Century, they found the region inhabited by a vigorous, populous Algonquin nation who called themselves "Hileni" or "Illiniwek" which means "men."

The Lakota Dakota Information Home Page(354 clicks)
This page deals with Lakota and Dakota peoples. These distinct but related groups are sometimes referred to as Sioux or Siouan peoples.

The Last Major Indian Disturbance in Trinidad(362 clicks)
The summer of 1868 brings war band of Cheyennes, Kiowas, and Comanches to town's door by Bryan Zug

The life and adventures of Black Hawk(358 clicks)
The life and adventures of Black Hawk: with sketches of Keokuk the Sac and Fox Indians, and the late Black Hawk war. 7th ed. Published 1849 by G. Conclin in Cincinnati .

The Native Americans of Maryland: Great Contributors Underappreciated(450 clicks)
By Amy Kirkley, Severn School. Short essay on the interrelationships between the older immigrants (Indians) and the new immigrants (Europeans).

The Northern Cherokee Nation of Missouri (382 clicks)

The Seminoles(314 clicks)
Seminole tribe of Florida official website

The Shawnee(364 clicks)
"Links to web sites and information about the Shawnee and many links about Tecumseh."

The Wounded Knee Massacre(303 clicks)
By Lorie Liggett. Introductory essay. Site contains links.

This Week in "American Indian" History(344 clicks)

Thus Spoke Chief Seattle: The Story of An Undocumented Speech"(887 clicks)
Spring 1985, Vol. 18, No. 1. "Thus Spoke Chief Seattle: The Story of An Undocumented Speech" By Jerry L. Clark

Trail of Tears(395 clicks)
National Historic Trail

Two Strike, Sioux Chief(313 clicks)
Biography from Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa), Indian Heroes And Great Chieftain.

Unearthing Tse-whit-zen(297 clicks)
Tse-whit-zen in the state of Washington

Warriors and Chiefs: Cochise(790 clicks)
Short bio of Chiricahua Chief Cochise. Apache.

Warriors and Chiefs: Stand Watie: Cherokee Chief and Confederate General(312 clicks)
"Cherokee Stand Watie exhibited bravery and leadership while fighting for two lost causes."

We Shall Remain(767 clicks)
PBS series

We Shall Remain: After The Mayflower(344 clicks)
Transcript of Episode 1

We Shall Remain: Geronimo(324 clicks)
Trsnscript of Episiode 4

We Shall Remain: Tecumseh's Vision(317 clicks)
Transcript of Episode Two

We Shall Remain: Trail of Tears(343 clicks)
Transcript of Episiode 3

We Shall Remain: Wounded Knee(317 clicks)
Transcript of Episode 5

White Bird Canyon: First Fight of the Nez Perce Flight(365 clicks)
After Nez Perce soldiers "killed some settlers in Idaho Territory, General O.O. Howard ordered Captain David Perry at Fort Lapwai to go get them, telling him, 'You must not get whipped.' "

William M. Edwardy, The Navajo Indians(358 clicks)
1890 Harper's Weekley article

Wounded Knee(322 clicks)
Lakota. December 29, 1890

Wounded Knee Museum(302 clicks)
Excellent

Wounded Knee Museum(673 clicks)

“Long-hair” letter from Commissioner of Indian Affairs(348 clicks)
“Long-hair” letter from Commissioner of Indian Affairs to Superintendent, Round Valley, California